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Sunga Kingdom (187 - 75 BC)

[punchmark]11K JPG
Period of Pushyamitra Sunga (circa 187 - 151 BC)
AR Karshapana (Pataliputra mint)
Mitchiner ACW 4305; Gupta/Hardaker ISPC 576 (type VI IV G 122)
15 x 11 mm.
3.39 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: 5 punched symbols: Sun, 6-armed symbol, humped bull with standard, stupa and railed tree.
Reverse: Square divided by cross (Gupta/Hardaker ISPC mark 20).

Low denomination cast copper coinage of the period

[Sunga]10K JPG
AE Half Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4348 - 4352
15 x 15 mm.
2.88 gm.
Die position=3h
reverse
Obverse: Cross left, three-arched hill (chaitya) with crescent, above; railed tree, right.
Reverse: Elephant left, over symbol. Swastika with bull head above.

Ujjain symbol series

[Ujjain]15K JPG
Anonymous/Symbol series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4620v.
18 x 19 mm.
5.26 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: 6-armed symbol, railed tree to left, standard to right; rectangles containing frogs and fish above and below, taurine symbol and swastika to left, Ujjain symbol to right.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (4-armed 'swirls' within annulets).

[Ujjain]16K JPG
Anonymous/Symbol series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana (?)
Mitchiner ACW 4620v.
19 x 21 mm.
6.20 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: 6-armed symbol, railed tree to left, standard to right; rectangle containing frogs and fish above, taurine (?) symbols below, other symbols.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (4-armed 'swirls' within annulets).

[Ujjain]9K JPG
Anonymous/Symbol series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Quarter Karshapana (?)
Mitchiner ACW 4622v.
14 x 13 mm.
3.35 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Railed tree to right, 'plant' and swastika to left; mountains (?) below.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (annulets within annulets).

[Ujjain]8K JPG
Anonymous/Symbol series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Masha (circa 150 - 75 BC)
Mitchiner ACW 4628
14 x 13 mm.
1.86 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Swastika with bull head ends.
Reverse: 6-armed and other symbols.

Ujjain Karttikeya and Lakshmi series

[Ujjain]16K JPG
Anonymous/Karttikeya and Lakshmi series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4635v.
16 x 19 mm.
4.68 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Single-headed Karttikeya standing, wheel symbol to left, railed tree to right, standard to left; taurine symbol below, bull standing right.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (swastikas within annulets).

[Ujjain]13K JPG
Anonymous/Karttikeya and Lakshmi series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4635v.
16 x 17 mm.
5.55 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Single-headed Karttikeya standing in right field, facing left, holding standard and (?); bull (?) facing right, railed tree above. Other symbols.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (taurine symbols within annulets); 4 stupas with crescents above in fields.

[Ujjain]12K JPG
Anonymous/Karttikeya and Lakshmi series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4634v.
17 x 16 mm.
3.85 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Figure standing facing, railed tree with swastika above to right; Ujjain symbol with wheel symbol above, to left. Other symbols.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (4-armed 'swirls' within annulets).

[Ujjain]7K JPG
Anonymous/Karttikeya and Lakshmi series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Quarter Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4636v.
12 mm.
1.28 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Single-headed Karttikeya standing facing left, holding standard and (?); Ujjain symbol with swastika above, to right; railed tree to left. Other symbols.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (taurine symbols within annulets).

[Ujjain]14K JPG
Anonymous/Karttikeya and Lakshmi series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Quarter Karshapana (?)
Mitchiner ACW 4640v.
20 x 18 mm.
2.23 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Lakshmi seated facing, railed tree to right; six-armed symbol to left, animal (?) below. Other symbols.
Reverse: Ujjain symbol (taurine symbols within annulets).

Ujjain animal series

[Ujjain]11K JPG
Anonymous/Animal series (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE Half Karshapana (circa 150 - 75 BC)
Mitchiner ACW 4649v.
18 x 17 mm.
3.62 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Bull right, with symbol and bull head above; railed tree, right.
Reverse: 'Ujjain symbol' (?).

Later Sunga kings

[Sunga]9K JPG
AR Half Karshapana (circa 150 BC - 100 AD)
Mitchiner ACW 4381v.
17 x 13 mm.
2.39 gm.
Die position=12h
reverse
Obverse: Cross left, three-arched hill (chaitya) with crescent, above; railed tree, right.
Reverse: Elephant left; symbol.

Northern India during the post-Mauryan Period
(220 BC - 80 AD)

Northern Pakistan

Pushkalavati
[Pushkalavati]14K JPG
Anonymous early series of Pushkalavati (circa 220 - 185 BC)
AE Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4389
21 x 18 mm.
7.75 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Mound of 9 pellets, stupa with crescent above; river and other symbols below.
Reverse: Blank.

Taxila
[Taxila]21K JPG
AE Half Karshapana (Later series: circa 180 - 160 BC)
Mitchiner ACW 4418
22 x 21 mm.
5.30 gm.
Die position=9h
reverse
Obverse: Railed tree or floral ornament.
Reverse: Cross, right; traces of three-arched hill (chaitya), left.

[Taxila]9K JPG
AE Quarter Karshapana (Later series: circa 180 - 160 BC)
Mitchiner ACW 4422
14 mm.
1.92 gm.
Die position=6h
reverse
Obverse: Three-arched hill (chaitya), crescent above; 'ta' right.
Reverse: Three-arched hill (chaitya), crescent above; 'ta' left.

Punjab States: Northern Group

Kuninda
[Kuninda]10K JPG
Later issues in the name of Amoghabhuti (circa 20 BC - 80 AD)
AE Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4458
17 mm.
2.40 gm.
Die position=5h
reverse
Obverse: Deer right, ancillary symbols around; Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Stupa with pellet above, river beneath; swastika, ancillary symbols around. No Karosthi legend (?).

Punjab States: Southern Group

States in the Mathura Region

East of the Punjab States: Panchalas of Ahichhatra

Early Kings
[Panchala]7K JPG
Period of early kings/Jyeshthamitra (?) (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE 1/4 Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4535v.
13 x 12 mm.
1.30 gm.
Die position=5h
reverse
Obverse: Panchala symbols; Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Railed tree with other symbols.

[Panchala]6K JPG
Period of early kings/Jyeshthamitra (?) (circa 150 - 75 BC)
AE 1/4 Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4535v.
11 mm.
0.96 gm.
Die position=6h
reverse
Obverse: Panchala symbols; Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Railed tree with other symbols.

Middle Group of Mitra Kings
[Bhumimitra]18K JPG
Bhumimitra (circa 50 - 1 BC)
AE Double Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4545
25 mm.
14.71 gm.
Die position=11h
reverse
Obverse: Deity with snake's hair holding snake, standing on pedestal; columns or trees to either side.
Reverse: Panchala symbols; Brahmi legend, 'Bhumimitra'.

States in the Ganges Valley

The Deccan, Penninsular India and Ceylon
(circa 200 BC - 225 AD)

The Andhras (Satavahanas) of the Deccan

The Early Satakarnis
[Satakarni]16K JPG
Satakarni Family Issues (circa 39 BC - 220 AD)
Billon Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4941-4952, 4963-4965, 4967, 4969-4970
18 x 21 mm.
3.34 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Elephant right; Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Satavahana symbol.

[Gautamiputra]12K JPG
Gautamiputra Sri Yajna Satakarni (circa 172 - 201 AD)
Billon Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4967
18 mm.
2.82 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Elephant right; Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Satavahana symbol.

The Andhrabhrityas (Andhra Feudatries)

Elephant Maharathis of the Lower Tungabhadra Valley
[Pandyas]31K JPG
Civic Coinage (30 BC - 70 AD)
PB Unit
Mitchiner ACW -
30 x 33 mm.
23.89 gm.
Die position=12h
reverse
Obverse: Elephant left; Nandipada symbol (!) and Brahmi legend, above.
Reverse: Railed tree.
Note: This is a modern forgery.

Chutus of Banavasi
[Chutus]24K JPG
Civic Coinage (160 - 345 AD)
PB Double Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4971
28 mm.
11.11 gm.
Die position=12h
reverse
Obverse: Eight-arched hill (chaitya); Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Sacred railed tree; traces of nandipana symbol on each side.

[Chutus]17K JPG
Civic Coinage (160 - 345 AD)
PB Double Karshapana
Mitchiner ACW 4971v.
27 mm.
14.67 gm.
Die position=1h
reverse
Obverse: Six-arched hill (chaitya); Brahmi legend.
Reverse: Sacred railed tree; river (?) above and to right.

The Pandyas of Madura

The Cheras (Keralaputras)

Non-Pandyan types

Indo-Roman coinage

Ceylon
Please go to the Sri Lanka page

Indo-Roman coinage in Ceylon
Please go to the Sri Lanka page

The Deccan after the Andhras

The Ikshvaku-Abhira period

Ikshvaku Dynasty
[Ikshvaku]8K JPG
Anonymous (227 - 306 AD)
PB Drachm
Mitchiner ACW 5075v.
14 mm.
3.27 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Elephant standing right (?).
Reverse: 'Satavahana' symbol.

The Northern and Western Deccan
during the Vakataka-Kadamba period

The Early Kalachuris
[Sankaragana]7K JPG
Sankaragana (circa 575 - 600 AD) (?)
AR Drachm
Mitchiner ACW 5093v. (?)
12 mm.
1.91 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Crude bust right in Gupta style; legend (?).
Reverse: Brahmi (?) legend.

Gurjuras
[Rana Vigraha]4K JPG
Rana Vigraha (circa 640 AD)
AR Fractional Drachm
Mitchiner ACW 5108 - 5110
8 mm.
0.32 gm.
Die position=n/a
reverse
Obverse: Brahmi (?) legend around three dots
Reverse: Traces of design (?).

The Southeastern Deccan and Mysore
under the Pallavas and Vishnukundins

Vishnukundins
[Vishnukundin]18K JPG
Anonymous (circa 475 - 615 AD)
AE/FE Panchi (magnetic)
Mitchiner ACW 5122-5125v.
22 mm.
8.45 gm.
Die position=12h
reverse
Obverse: Sankh shell between standards. Ornamental border.
Reverse: Lion standing right with paw raised.

Vishnukundins/Chalukyas
[Vishnukundin]11K JPG
Sri Modhawa (?) (circa 550 AD (?))
AR/FE Unit (magnetic)
Mitchiner ACW -
14 mm.
1.72 gm.
Die position=12h
reverse
Obverse: Bull, right. Brahmi legend (?).
Reverse: Sankh shell between standards. Ornamental border.

Eastern Chalukya issues of Vishnukundin type
[Eastern Chalukya]7K JPG
Uncertain ruler of the Kalinga region (circa 650 AD)
AE/FE Unit (magnetic)
Mitchiner ACW 5131v.
11 mm.
0.80 gm.
Die position=1h
reverse
Obverse: Lion standing right with uncertain legend above.
Reverse: Sankh shell with lamp on each side; ornamental border.

Penninsular India during the period of its eclipse
by the Pallavas and the ensuing Pandya resurgence

Indo-Roman coinage

Ceylon



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